Benchmark for 'Multi-thread write' operation

Chart

Percentile Chart

This chart shows the latency percentile curve for the benchmarked engines. The X axis runs from p50 to p99.99, and the Y axis uses a logarithmic latency scale so tail-latency differences are easier to compare.

Test Conditions - Multi-thread Write Benchmarks

• Multi-thread write runs reuse the same controlled JVM flags and hardware as the other benchmark suites. Each trial wipes the working directory supplied through the dir system property and creates a fresh storage instance before any benchmark thread starts.
• Each benchmark thread performs the same write operation in two JMH modes during the same run: SampleTime to capture latency percentiles and Throughput to capture aggregate write throughput.
• The configured thread count for this result set is 4 benchmark threads, matching the threads4 suffix used by the generated result files.
• Every operation generates a pseudo-random key via HashDataProvider.makeHash(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextLong()), so concurrent writers insert independent keys while using the constant payload "opice skace po stromech".
• Warm-up uses 10 iterations of 20 seconds, followed by 25 measurement iterations of 20 seconds, so the results represent sustained concurrent write pressure rather than startup behavior.
• The benchmark focuses on contention and latency under concurrent insert load. There is no preload phase for this suite; the store starts empty at the beginning of each trial.
• After measurements complete, the storage is closed and the resulting directory remains available so the reporting scripts can capture occupied space and CPU usage.
• Test was performed at Mac mini 2024, 16 GB, macOS 15.6.1 (24G90).

Data for Throughtput Chart

Engine	Threads	Throughput [ops/s]	CPU Usage
ChronicleMap	4	4 323	19%
H2	4	52 951	29%
HestiaStoreBasic	4	259 048	22%
HestiaStoreCompress	4	184 416	13%
LevelDB	4	48 452	19%
MapDB	4	15 426	16%
RocksDB	4	145 239	18%

Source Data for Percentile Chart

Engine	p50 [us/op]	p75 [us/op]	p90 [us/op]	p95 [us/op]	p99 [us/op]	p99.5 [us/op]	p99.9 [us/op]	p99.99 [us/op]
ChronicleMap	0.791	1 010.688	1 712.128	2 101.248	3 452.928	4 136.96	6 332.416	598 054.483
H2	19.744	42.816	89.6	145.664	1 531.904	1 611.776	3 125.248	5 718.016
HestiaStoreBasic	1.5	2.5	4.832	8.832	29.536	53.312	282.112	3 110.531
HestiaStoreCompress	1.458	2	3	4.208	16.416	26.976	150.784	2 084.609
LevelDB	1.584	2.332	33.792	57.216	1 513.472	1 525.76	1 558.528	4 186.112
MapDB	105.6	144.384	194.816	234.496	350.208	591.872	5 660.672	12 550.144
RocksDB	10.368	11.616	12.656	13.696	21.984	27.552	49.728	2 132.969